Estimating Window Dimensions of Residential Buildings in District Energy Models

This work focuses on the impact of the window-to-wall ratio (WWR) on the energy demand for space heating and the building overheating through the evaluation of three WWR acquisition methods and four WWR allocation levels for a virtual district, containing 174 single-family dwellings. A new WWR acquisition method, based on a database, is proposed and evaluated. The impact of the WWR on the energy demand for space heating is limited (root mean square percentage errors up to 0.07), whereas the impact on the overheating is significantly higher (root mean square percentage errors up to 12.4). Both errors are higher for newer buildings compared to older buildings.