A11 -- Automobiles (SI)

Thermal systems in automobiles (HVAC, engine cooling, transmission, power steering) have significant energy requirements that can adversely affect vehicle performance. New and innovative approaches are required to provide the customer the desired comfort in an energy-efficient way. In recent years, efficiency of the thermal systems has increased significantly compared to systems used in the early to mid-1990s. Providing thermal comfort in an energy-efficient way has challenged the automotive industry to search for innovative approaches to thermal management. Hence, managing flows of heat, refrigerant, coolant, oil, and air is extremely important because it directly affects system performance under the full range of operating conditions. This creates significant engineering challenges in cabin and underhood thermal management. Optimization of the components and the system is required to fully understand the components’ effects on the system. Thus, modeling the components and the system is essential for performance predictions. Simulation of thermal systems is becoming an essential tool in the development phase of projects. Durability and reliability are also important factors in design of these systems. Design Factors Air-Handling Subsystem Heating Subsystem Refrigeration Subsystem