AWWA ACE54251

Experiments were conducted to investigate the alternatives for manganese removal when microfiltration was used instead of media filtration. Comparative bench studies were conducted with a variety of oxidants, including chlorine, chlorine dioxide, permanganate and hydrogen peroxide. Pilot-scale microfiltration experiments were conducted at three sites with hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, ozone and permanganate. Pilot-scale microfiltration experiments indicated that the effectiveness of each oxidant on manganese removal was site specific. For the most difficult water tested, 99% of the manganese was removed when 0.5 mg/L of chlorine dioxide was dosed using a twenty-minute reaction time. Includes 7 references, tables, figures.