AWWA JAW17203

This article describes research conducted to investigate the limitations and potential benefits of using slow sand filters for small community water systems. Information was compiled from surveys sent to slow sand filtration facilities in the United States. Survey results relating to geographic distribution of slow sand filtration plants; physical characteristics of the facilities; raw water sources, turbidity removal, and coliform removal; design and operational characteristics; and cost of slow sand filtration are summarized. The article also discusses a field-scale slow sand filtration research facility at Logan, Utah, and compares this facility with other operating slow sand filtration facilities. The research facility was evaluated and determined to perform well in removing turbidity, coliform bacteria, and particles of a size representative of Giardia cysts. Includes reference, tables, figures.