AWWA JAW64270

Many of the existing guidelines for surge analysis and design are overly simplified and inadequately address the complexity of transient phenomena. This article reviews several guidelines found in the literature and systematically details how these rules break down. To demonstrate the limitations inherent in the rules, the authors also include case studies comparing a simplified analysis with a comprehensive one. One of the challenges in managing distribution system water quality is safeguarding against contaminants that can intrude into pipes through leaks from reduced- or negative-pressure transients. Simplified rules can lead to inaccurate results and insufficient surge protection. Water suppliers need comprehensive surge analyses that account for specific system characteristics such as pipe connections, dead ends, and nonuniform pipelines as well as complex factors such as wave reflection. If the water community is to continue providing safe drinking water, all of the conditions associated with transients must be considered in system design and operation. Includes 17 references, tables, figures.