AWWA JAW6788

In recent reports, several biologically plausible factors have been suggested to explain the negative correlation between drinking water hardness and cardiovascular disease. These factors include soft water corrosiveness, magnesium, and the role of calcium (Ca) in intestinal absorption of trace elements. The purpose of this study is to determine the validity of these hypotheses for future epidemiological investigation. The validity of these hypotheses was tested by determining the effect of Ca, magnesium (Mg), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) on blood pressure and the development of atherosclerosis in the white Carneau pigeon. Concentrations of these elements were added to double-deionized water within the normal ranges of these elements in drinking water. Results indicate that the presence of Pb or Cd in drinking water significantly increases both blood pressure and the number and size of aortic atherosclerotic plaques. However, the presence of Ca significantly reduces the effects of Cd or Pd on blood pressure and on the number and size of aortic plaques. Includes 7 references, tables, figures.