AWWA JAW62924
Journal AWWA - Sequential Manganese Desorption and Sequestration in Anthracite Coal and Silica Sand Filter Media
Journal Article by American Water Works Association , 05/01/2006
Gabelich, Christopher J.; Gerringer, Fredrick W.; Lee, Connie C.; Knocke, William R.
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About This Item
Full Description
The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California carried out a study to evaluate
manganese (Mn) desorption from filter media during biological filtration startup. Mn
contamination of the filter media was a byproduct of prior use of ferric chloride (FeCl<sub>3</sub>), which
contains Mn, for coagulation and free chlorine exposure. During pilot- and full-scale testing
at pH 6.5, FeCl<sub>3</sub> coagulation (without chlorine) released soluble Mn at nearly four times the
level released by aluminum sulfate (alum; 105 µg/L for FeCl<sub>3</sub> and 27 µg/L for alum). Pilot-scale
experiments demonstrated that Mn was present in the filter column in three valence states
[Mn(II), Mn(III), and Mn(IV)]. Mn(II) in the filter influent was from the FeCl<sub>3</sub>. Mn on the
anthracite media was hypothesized to be Mn(II)/Mn(IV) and first physically displaced by ferric
iron, aluminum, and hydrogen, and then catalytically oxidized to Mn(IV) by silica sand. Includes 39 references, tables, figures.
