AWWA ACE91167

A zebra mussel research program has been implemented at Ontario Hydro in response to the needs of the generating stations to control the infestation of service and cooling water systems and prevent fouling of water intake structures. To satisfy the immediate need for control, chlorination was identified as the most effective interim measure to prevent the fouling of systems which draw water from the aquatic environment. Due to the current regulatory requirements, this solution is considered short-term and Ontario Hydro was compelled to initiate a comprehensive research effort aimed at providing alternative methods of control. Many alternative control measures, both chemical and non-chemical were considered. They included: thermal shock; prevention of mussel biofouling by coatings; electro-shock device for control; effects of pressure on zebras; mechanical filtration; mechanical cleaning and removal of zebras; zebra mussel control using acoustics; control by gamma radiation; ultraviolet control; chlorine minimization; ozone; and disposable substrates.