AWWA JAW20482

Current and past water treatment practices are reviewed, and practical ways of increasing existing water plant production or designing more cost-effective plants and of reducing operating costs are discussed. Methods described to optimize water treatment systems include the following: designing rapid flash mixers; maximizing flocculation with flexible designs; improving clarifier inlet and outlet designs; optimizing clarifier-filter designs; using filter aids in association with multipressure taps; using deeper and larger-sized media; using air-water scour systems for backwashing; and monitoring filter head losses. Includes 35 references, tables, figures.