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EPA regulation of the maximum contaminant level for total trihalomethanes, along with the discovery that THMs are formed during the disinfection process, has led to increased scrutiny of disinfection practices. An analysis of the cost-benefit ratios of chlorination and other methods of disinfection concludes that the benefits associated with any type of disinfection far outweigh the costs. Chlorine dioxide, ozonation, chloramination (combined chlorine), energy, and health effects are discussed. Includes 7 references, tables, figures.