AWWA JAW68945

Microorganisms are dynamic in nature and able to withstand adverse environmental conditions by forming biofilms. Previous studies on biofilms have focused on drinking water distribution systems. However, biofilms also occur in domestic plumbing systems. Several factors including temperature, pipe material, water velocity, and disinfectants influence biofilm formation in plumbing systems. This article provides a review of the current literature related to the analysis of biofilms found or produced in domestic plumbing systems and highlights the microorganisms identified as well as causes and strategies for control. More research is required in this field, and the results should be applied when installing domestic plumbing materials. Although this information will not affect water utility operations, it will allow utilities to provide advice to their customers. In addition, this information will raise regulatory awareness that samples taken at customer's taps are not necessarily a true reflection of what is in the water supply, because biofilms may be present. Includes 57 references, table.