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About This Item
Full Description
- Clause 1 provides the scope, purpose, and typical applications.
- Clause 2 lists normative references to other standards that are indispensable in applying this standard.
- Clause 3 provides definitions that are not found in other standards or have been modified for use with this standard.
- Clause 4 establishes general system requirements for impedance heating.
- Clause 5 provides both type and routine testing requirements for insulated impedance conductors and other impedance system components.
- Clause 6 covers marking requirements.
- Clause 7 details additional documentation requirements.
- Annex A provides bibliographical references.
- Annex B provides requirements for installations that are in explosive atmospheres classified using the Division method of area classification.
- Annex C provides additional requirements in explosive atmospheres classified using the Zone method of area classification.
- Annex D covers impedance heating design verification methodologies.
- Annex E provides reference tables associated with insulated impedance conductor testing in Clause 5.
- Annex F provides the formula for calculating insulation resistance.
- Annex G provides alternative national markings.
This standard also applies to power connection points and control methods used with impedance heating systems.
NOTE 1— Requirements for certification of insulated impedance conductors with insulation temperature ratings above 105 °C may be considered under a special investigation by an accredited certification body.
NOTE 2— Information on isolation transformers, power distribution, and control components can be found in IEEE Std 844.4/CSA C293.
1.3 Purpose This standard provides testing, marking, design, and documentation requirements for impedance heating system components. Impedance heating systems that follow the component requirements as outlined here are intended to:
a) Maintain design temperature; and
b) Provide electrical, thermal, and mechanical durability and reliability.
1.4 Typical applications
1.4.1 General Impedance heating systems provide heating for pipes and equipment in order to maintain or raise the temperature in the following typical applications.
1.4.2 Solidification prevention Systems can be used to prevent the fluid in a pipe or equipment from solidifying. These include water, aqueous solutions, crude oil, pitch, asphalt, metals, sulfur, and other chemicals. The heating system compensates for pipe heat losses in order to maintain the temperature of the contents above the solidification point.
1.4.3 Viscosity maintenance Systems can be used to maintain viscosity of a fluid in a pipe or equipment. Viscous materials such as heavy fuel and crude oil are generally heated to achieve optimum pump efficiency and pipe sizes. Usually these materials are preheated to a temperature that provides the desired viscosity and pumped to their destination through heated pipes designed to maintain that temperature.
1.4.4 Process heating Systems can be used to maintain the temperature of fluids when process parameters require it. Systems can also be used to raise the temperature of process fluids flowing in the pipe or equipment, but they require increased heat input capacity.
1.4.5 Condensation prevention Systems can be used to prevent gaseous materials from condensing. Some gases condense at low temperature and require heating to maintain their gaseous state during transportation. If pressure is significantly reduced during gas flow, such as through a valve, increased heat input capacity might also be required.
1.4.6 Re-melting solidified fluids Systems can be used to re-melt solidified fluids. Some heating applications do not require heat during pumping, but only supply heat to re-melt pipe contents and bring them up to temperature prior to pumping. A typical example is an infrequently used loading or unloading pipeline.
Document History
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CSA C22.2 NO. 293.3:19/IEEE 844.3-2019 (R2024)
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IEEE/CSA Standard for Impedance Heating of Pipelines and Equipment - General, Testing, Marking, and Documentation Requirements- Most Recent
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CSA C22.2 NO. 293.3/IEEE 844.3 Draft
IEEE/CSA Standard for Impedance Heating of Pipelines and Equipment - General, Testing, Marking, and Documentation Requirements- Historical Version