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Ground water replacement, reuse, recharge, and groundwater remediation have been employed by several communities (including Scottsdale) to help meet supply needs. Since 1999, Scottsdale has been utilizing microfiltration and reverse osmosis (MF/RO) membrane systems, in conjunction with recharge, to augment a potable aquifer. Additionally, it is building a 30 MGD ultrafiltration/granular activated carbon (UF/GAC) WTP to treat one of its surface water supplies, is planning to build a RO facility to improve the quality of a remediated groundwater, and is considering an expansion of the membrane facility at the Water Campus (WC), as well as the conversion of its existing surface WTP to membranes. Several communities in the Salt River Valley (SRV) now see challenged waters as their new potable water source. Membrane systems, particularly RO, will be required to rehabilitate these waters. As a microcosm of the SRV, Scottsdale has developed a significant knowledge base as it pertains to utilizing membrane systems to rehabilitate challenged waters. This paper provides background and updated information about the membrane facilities at the WC that includes data and discussion covering NDMA and total organic carbon (TOC) rejection across a production-scale RO system, as well as performance, and cost data. Further, the paper discusses the challenges this valley faces in meeting tomorrow's supply needs, and the role membranes will play in meeting those challenges. Includes 4 references, tables, figures, appendix.