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The treatment of alum sludges with hydrogen peroxide has been observed to improve thickening and dewatering in both the laboratory and treatment plant produced sludges. Improved dewatering of sludges appears to be controlled by the relative amounts of iron (and/or PAC) and organic matter in the sludge matrix. The mechanism through which improved dewatering likely occurs is the selective oxidation of organic matter by the hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals formed by peroxide reaction with iron or PAC followed by the reorientation of sludge flocs into a denser, more readily dewatered configuration.