Point-of-use and point-of-entry water treatment systems that utilize tested and proven methods are an effective alternative to conventional systems for the reduction of chemical contaminants to acceptable levels. Reverse osmosis is the most universally effective technology for reducing inorganic contaminants. Adsorption by activated carbon is the most universally effective method for reducing organic contamination. Several technologies and their placements are discussed. Field studies concerning point-of-use and point-of-entry water treatment show this technology to be effective for community application. Thus far, bacterial growth in these devices has not been shown to be a health problem. Preliminary cost information indicates the advantage of point-of-use systems, especially for small communities. Includes 40 references, tables, figure.