This slide presentation begins by outlining the Total Coliform Rule (TCR) objectives that include: evaluate the effectiveness of treatment; determine the integrity of the distribution system; and, signal the possible presence of fecal contamination. The approach used in this study included: collect and process existing coliform data from utilities, states and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to evaluate the effectiveness of the sampling plans specified by the Total Coliform Rule; Analyze data by summarizing occurrence results, exploring current sampling to meet objectives of TCR, evaluate possible surrogates for fecal contamination; evaluated the effects of larger sample volumes; and, evaluated short-term temporal variability. A parallel research program is outlined that involved: Tampa Bay Water and Pinellas Utilities are exploring a recent increase in total coliform positive samples; intensive sampling including 2 liter total coliform samples and short-term temporal sampling; data will be critical to considering sampling options - Power Analysis; and, evaluate effects of sample volume - Bootstrapping Analysis. Topics outlined include: available data; data limitations; follow-up sampling; patterns; power analysis; detectable differences; Binomial Confidence Intervals; summary of power analysis; considerations for TCR; other sampling plans; effect of larger sample volume; Pinellas Large Volume Study 2004; TBW/PCU Total Coliform Monitoring Program; Summary Results for TBW/PCU Coliform Monitoring Program October 2005-November 2006; Preliminary Observations TBW/PCU; Implications for TC events; and, recommendation for events. Includes tables, figures.