Introduction

The main purpose of ground investigation is to reduce and control ground related risks in construction. Information from a properly conducted investigation will provide the basis for economic and safe design, and for meeting tender and construction requirements; it will also save money by avoiding:

• redesign during construction;

• over-conservative design;

• delays and litigation costs due to unforeseen ground conditions;

• foundation problems post-construction.

Effective ground investigation need not incur excessive cost but there is still ample evidence of under-resourcing and inefficiency in this essential part of the construction process.

This Digest shows how investigations can be optimised by appointing qualified geotechnical personnel; by better management and communication; and by using techniques that, through lack of familiarity, are under-used but could provide reliable information, reducing risks, costs and construction time.