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Different considerations are necessary for optimizing primary coagulant dosage when the coagulant is used alone and when it is used in conjunction with flocculant aids for conventional treatment incorporating sedimentation. Optimization based solely on settled water quality is not wholly satisfactory. If the primary is applied alone, optimization should be based on an economic analysis relating chemical costs an sedimentation basin costs. If the primary coagulant is used with flocculant aids, optimization should be based on minimizing the clogging of downstream filter surfaces. Includes 10 references, tables, figures.