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The removal efficiency of several pharmaceutically active compounds from surface water was investigated. Two different nanofiltration (NF) membranes (Trisep TS-80 and Desal HL) were studied at low feed water recoveries (10%). Results indicate that removal of the selected pharmaceuticals with NF is mainly influenced by charge effects: negatively charged solutes are better removed, compared to uncharged solutes, which are, in turn, better removed compared to positively charged solutes. This is mainly due to charge attractions between the negatively charged membrane surface and positively charged solutes. Includes 12 references, tables, figures.