AWWA WQTC69354

Recent research has suggested that certain nitrogenous (N)-disinfection byproducts (DBPs) (e.g., HANs) and certain non-regulated carbonaceous (C)-DBPs (e.g., HAs) may be of higher health concern than the regulated C-DBPs (e.g., THMs, HAAs). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database indicates that for eight nitrosamines (including NDMA) drinking water concentrations in the low ng/L level are associated with a 10-6 lifetime cancer risk. EfOM and AOM are sources of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors, especially for N-DBPs. Thus, a survey was conducted to look at N-DBP formation and that of selected C-DBPs at 16 DWTPs, with a focus on wastewater and algal impacted drinking water supplies. The authors conducted a full-scale survey of 16 U.S. drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in 2006 and/or 2007. Some of the sites were sampled during an algal bloom event. In terms of the effluent-impacted sites, they were sampled in the summer when river flow was low, as some streams can be more effluent-impacted at this time of year. In some watersheds, a DWTP that was not algal or wastewater impacted was sampled to provide a contrast. DWTPs were sampled that used a range of treatment processes (coagulation, lime softening, ultrafiltration, filtration with granular activated carbon) and disinfectants (chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, ozone, ultraviolet). The paper provides analytical parameters. Includes 28 references, tables, figures.