Modern laboratories require regulated temperature, humidity, relative static pressure, air motion, air cleanliness, sound, and exhaust. This chapter addresses biological, chemical, animal, and physical laboratories. Within these generic categories, some laboratories have unique requirements. This chapter provides an overview of the HVAC characteristics and design criteria for laboratories, including a brief overview of architectural and utility concerns. This chapter does not cover pilot plants, which are essentially small manufacturing units. GENERAL DESIGN GUIDANCE Hazard Assessment Design Parameters LABORATORY EXHAUST AND CONTAINMENT DEVICES Biological Safety Cabinets Miscellaneous Exhaust Devices Laminar Flow Clean Benches Compressed Gas Storage and Ventilation LABORATORY VENTILATION Exhaust Systems Fire Safety for Ventilation Systems Control Stack Heights and Air Intakes APPLICATIONS Laboratory Animal Facilities Ancillary Spaces for Animal Laboratories Containment Laboratories Scale-Up Laboratories Teaching Laboratories Clinical Laboratories Radiochemistry Laboratories Operation and Maintenance Energy Commissioning Economics