This AwwaRF project focused on developing distribution system water quality optimization plans (DSOPs). System optimization is defined here as a process that water utilities undergo to improve distribution system operations above and beyond regulatory requirements to improve water quality and reduce the potential for contamination. The project had two main objectives: to develop specific DSOPs for three participating utilities; and, to develop a DSOP template or outline applicable to utilities of any size. The first project objective was completed by conducting an audit and field investigations of the conditions and operating status of each of three distribution systems. The audits were used to identify strong points as well as areas that needed to be improved to meet industry standards for distribution systems. Water quality and operating goals were established and documented for each system. These goals were used to determine which programs the participating utilities would focus on for their DSOP. Individual distribution system programs were then developed at each utility and these elements were field-tested and refined at each utility location. Based on the utility experiences and the project team's experience and knowledge, a template of best management practices was developed as well as a general outline and approach to implementing DSOPs. Includes 41 references, tables.