Traditional methods for the detection of E. coli and coliforms are based on culturaltechniques which take a minimum of 18 hours to perform. The development of more sensitive techniques is essential if the quality of drinking water supplies is to improve. In the present study, the feasibility of using such tests has been assessed. The objectives of the study are to: conduct a literature review to determine which technologies have been used in an attempt to develop rapid microbiological tests; perform limited laboratory tests on candidate technologies; develop a questionnaire to be sent to laboratories and another to be sent to water utilities and regulators; identify the patent status of the identified technologies; develop a testing protocol for assessing new tests; and discuss with regulatory bodies the requirements for any newly developed tests. Includes 5 references, tables.