With the promulgation of a stricter maximum contaminant level for arsenic in drinking water, many utilities will need to upgrade their water treatment systems in order to comply with the new limit. Ion exchange (IX) has been identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as one the best available technologies available in reaching the limit. However, the process has some disadvantages, primarily with the disposal of large quantities of brine. Two new technologies, advanced ion exchange operations and indefinite brine recycling, have been developed to overcome the limitations of the conventional IX process. This paper presents various water quality and operational parameters that need to be considered when these new technologies are used in full-scale operations as well as preliminary results from a year-long pilot plant study that incorporates these processes. Includes 5 references, table, figures.