This Supplement provides an overview of synchronization operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) and includes fault management, performance monitoring, alarms and events. It describes synchronization OAM performance monitoring methods and measurements.

This Supplement describes synchronization OAM by considering the following areas separately:

• Frequency synchronization over the physical layer – Ethernet or optical transport network (OTN).

• Frequency synchronization via packets – precision time protocol (PTP).

• Time synchronization – precision time protocol (PTP) or one pulse per second (1PPS).